Justice vs. Revenge in Long Way Down by Jason Reynolds - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 618 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Revenge Essay Did you like this example? In the novel, Long Way Down, author Jason Reynolds show the contrast between justice and revenge in relation to outcomes of characters; justice and revenge are two different things, justice is focused on the good of the community, while revenge is solely focused on oneself. Will, the protagonist of the book, undergoes a transformation of motives on the elevator ride down. He assumes that he is focused justice, based upon what he has learned about The Rules. After meeting six people that were killed because of The Rules, he begins to consider what they really are about, justice or revenge.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Justice vs. Revenge in Long Way Down by Jason Reynolds" essay for you Create order Throughout the book, Reynolds slowly reveals pieces of Wills identity. By portraying his identity through the other characters, Reynolds dives into the idea that justice and revenge are one in the same thing. First, he allows Will to think that killing someone is the right thing to do, allowing justice and revenge to be confused with each other, Another thing about the rules. They werent meant to be broken (35). The author writes the book as if there is a continuous cycle. Someone dies, someone else gets killed, and so on. The Rules are the main reason for this cycle, and this path has been going on for a long time. To the community, The Rules are justice and are morally correct. From an outside view of the community, The Rules are perceived to be solely based upon revenge, for losing a loved one. While many believe that in the past they have pursued justice, Will, with the help of his dead family and friends, comes to the realization that he was on the path to pursue revenge. This i s when the true separation between justice and revenge take form. Reynolds portrays Wills motives as justice, but as the elevator ride continues on, it turns into being perceived as revenge, I felt like crying, which felt like another person trapped behind my face, tiny fists punching the back of my eyes, feet kicking my throat at the spot where the swallow starts. Stay put, I whispered to him. Stay strong, I whispered to me. Because crying is against The Rules (30). The only thing that Will has ever known is The Rules; no crying, no snitching, and always get revenge. When something bad actually happens to Will, he understands the struggle that people have with following the rules. Will thinks that he is pursuing justice, but he is actually pursuing revenge. Justice and revenge are two different things. Justice is something that is for the good of the community or area, while revenge is focused upon yourself. Will thinks that he is pursuing justice because he is taught nothing else. He taught to always follow The Rules and this rule is a prime example of that, NO.3: Revenge. If someone you love gets killed, find the person who killed them, and kill them (33). When Will is taught this, he thinks that this is the only way to live life, to always follow The Rules. In the title of rule number three, the word revenge is present, yet everyone thinks that following the rules is what is right. Justice, by definition, is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, or equity. In simple terms, it is the act of being just and/or fair (https://crimesurvivors.org/what-does-justice-mean-to-you/). Natural law, in this case, is The R ules. In the pursuit of justice, Will comes to the realization that killing someone, is not just. It is morally and ethically incorrect. He realizes something that he has always known since he was introduced to The Rules. Will understands that what many thinks to be justice, is actually revenge.

Procrastination The Problem Of Procrastination Essay

Many people believe that procrastination is derived completely from laziness but the culprit could be multiple things, including perfectionism. This can become a huge problem for perfectionists, especially perfectionist students. They most likely will overthink projects and put off getting started because they’re afraid they won’t be able to make them as perfect as they want them to be. Luckily this is a common issue among students and there are many different techniques to cope with it. Students can overcome procrastination due to perfectionism by setting S.M.A.R.T goals, creating detailed to-do lists, and by just getting started. Students can avoid procrastination by following the S.M.A.R.T. goal guidelines. All of your goals should be specific (s), measurable (m), achievable (a), realistic (r), and time-sensitive (t). A specific goal is clear, focused, concise, and well-defined (â€Å"Ensure Your Success†). Instead of a general goal like â€Å"I want to get m y degree,† turn that into something more specific like â€Å"I am going to get my Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from George Mason University† (â€Å"Ensure Your Success†). To make goals measurable, establish timelines and dates so you can measure your progress and stay on track to meet targets. Goals need to be achievable. Evaluate your own work ethic, see what you’re willing to do, and shape your goal around that so you know it is something you’re capable of doing. A goal needs to be realistic, something that you areShow MoreRelatedProcrastination And Procrastination Is Not My Problem Essay1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthink of procrastination the first word that comes to most of our minds is lazy. Laziness and procrastination seem to go hand in hand and often procrastination is caused by us simply being lazy. However, procrastination is a chronic and constant problem for many of us and while some of us may also be chronically la zy as well, most of us aren’t. I am, unfortunately, a person that battles procrastination and I can say that laziness is usually not my problem. I believe that procrastination comes downRead MoreMy Problem with Procrastination523 Words   |  2 PagesUpon further review, it appears that what I thought was a problem is more of an issue. As well as I needed to add a problem to my previous essay, so I would like to list a problem I have with procrastination. I seem to be dealing with increased instances where I have waited to the last minute to complete homework or a work project. Investigating my problem of procrastination, I will consider the pros and cons of not getting my schoolwork completed, in a timely manner. The pros outweigh the consRead MoreThe Problem Of Academic Procrastination1370 Words   |  6 Pages The problem of Academic procrastination Sultan Alqahtani Academic procrastination has quite often been a significant purpose behind poor academic performance particularly among students who are academically competent which is showed in a study done by Onwuegbuzie and Jiao (2000), where 95% of students take part in academic procrastination in a school level while around 61% hesitate at a graduate level. Notwithstanding students realizing that procrastination in academics leads to poorRead MoreThe Problem Of Procrastination By Piers Steel3671 Words   |  15 Pagesan intended course of action despite expecting to be worse off for the delay. Procrastination is a universally experienced action to which many people can relate. There are many different facets of life where people find reasons to delay and postpone actions and tasks, whether it is academically, in the workplace or in personal life. The statistical data is steep and demonstrates how serious the problem of procrastination is for so many individuals both within and outside the acad emic world. PiersRead MoreCollege Students Problem with Procrastination 923 Words   |  4 Pagesyou found yourself putting import duties off or postponing them over and over? Procrastination nowadays has become a universal problem, and it is tough to consider that some people may say that they do not procrastinate. This universal problem exists more among college students (Wolters, 2003). It is estimated that 95% of college students in the United States have reported that they have suffered from procrastination (Chow, 2009). Professors’ dispute that students procrastinate more often and generallyRead MoreProcrastination Causes Lower Grades, Stress, Self Esteem, And Health Problems Essay2136 Words   |  9 PagesProcrastination Procrastination; one of the biggest enemies of collage students. Have you ever told your self â€Å"I will do it tomorrow, I still have time left† and then find yourself working on the paper the night before its due, stressing yourself out and wishing you could have done it with time? This is problem that the vast majority of collage student face. What collages students are not aware yet is that procrastination causes lower grades, stress, self-esteem, and health problems. In 2007, estimatesRead MoreProcrastination: Gateway To Failure Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesProcrastination: Gateway to Failure Procrastination in writing is very common and can result in a substantial loss of pretentiously valuable time. There are many reasons that explain why people procrastinate but these reasons are not always the same from one individual to another. A wide variety of psychological aspects result in procrastination, one of which is anxiety. EveryoneRead MoreTok on Procrastination Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesIB Skills Final Assessment – Anti-Procrastination Alex Foxe 22nd June 2012 â€Å"You may delay, but time will not† ~Benjamin Franklin Background: Procrastination is generally defined as the act of replacing high priority actions with those that have less priority. In psychology, procrastination is the temporal gap between intended behavior and enacted behavior. (Mind tools) This psychological behaviour is widely associated with adolescents, especially those in college where homework andRead More Procrastination: Habit or Disorder? Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesProcrastination: Habit or Disorder? Procrastination is the art of keeping up with yesterday and avoiding today. - Wayne Dyer (6) Universally common to college students, procrastination is often addressed as a bad habit. Yet, in most cases, this isnt a nuance, but a perpetual occurrence - no longer qualifying for the term habit. Typically thought of as a behavioral trait, procrastination thrives on a cycle of blame shifting and avoidance. Falling victim to this habit myself, I embarkedRead MoreThe Negative Influences Of Procrastination1344 Words   |  6 PagesNegative Influences of Procrastination We’ve all had a paper due on a Wednesday that we had known about for the past two weeks, but for some unknown and involuntary reason, we choose to save it for a Tuesday evening, which turns into a Wednesday morning as we frantically work to finish an assignment we probably could have finished in class over a couple of days. We may have been preoccupied those couple of weeks, with a job, or sports; maybe even putting together a fundraiser of some sort. Or maybe

Letter of Justification Free Essays

My father lost his Job and went without a Job for several months. This predicament became highly Inconvenient putting more responsibilities on me while helping my parents pay for bills should add how hall moved a lot, this sentence Is short and needs to be added on to. Talk about what kind of distress this caused you and your family. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter of Justification or any similar topic only for you Order Now Try to refrain from using words like â€Å"l†, â€Å"my† or â€Å"me† just to make it sound more of a formal essay) We had to move into a home more affable for my family. We eventually became reliable on one vehicle due to a car accident my dad was involved in and my vehicle became to expense to fix due to mechanical issues **(This sentence is a run-on and I think it would be broken up into two sentences) . My last semester fall of 2012 at San Antonio College was the hardest because that is when my family was most reliant of me. At the time, I was enrolled in 14 hours and working a full time job. With the additional responsibilities of providing for a family of five, it became a challenge to focus my attention on school. Eventually I decided the fall of 2012 was going to be my last semester of school at San Antonio College due to my family needing help financially. I enlisted in the United States Army and went Basic Combat Training (BCC) t Fort Jackson in South Carolina from January 7, 2013 and graduated March 21, 201 3 added commas after the days. ). Then I went to Advance Individual Training (TIT) for a Human Resources Specialist position which was also in Fort Jackson from March 20, 201 3 and graduated May 21, 2013**(Number dates always go after the month). *(Could re-write sentence like this-During my time at TIT, I was awarded a Certificate of Achievement for obtaining a high score on the Army Physical Fitness Test. -Then you could go on to talk about what kind this achievement proves about your endurance and how you’re driven) I was also awarded a Certificate of Achievement for scoring high on the Army Physical Fineness Test during my time at TIT. After completion of TIT, I was stationed at Fort Bliss In El Paso Texas to 31st Combat Support Hospital. I was there for 7 months In which I earned a promotion from POP to Private First Class and was awarded a Certificate of Achievement during Iron Focus, which was were training excises and preparing for my Units future deployment to sentence). I was deployed to Afghanistan January 7 2014. My duty and tasks were greater than my rank, which I slotted In a higher ranks position I as responsible for accountability and movement for Task Force 31 Medical and the 15 units, that fall under the Task Force of 174 personnel which increased to 455 confusing). **(never use words like â€Å"I’m†, â€Å"weren’t†, â€Å"couldn’t† etc. Always type them out like â€Å"l am†, â€Å"were not†, â€Å"could not†) I am responsible for out-processing personnel, which get military personnel out Afghanistan with all the proper documentation **(Find a synonym for â€Å"personnel† try not to use the same word twice in a sentence†). My sen ior leader recently recommended me for a Battlefield Promotion to next rank of Specialist. My Unit was supposed to redeploy back to the States in October but we were recently extended to December and I felt it would be a great time to go back to school to keep myself occupied the remaining time of my deployment. *(run on sentence. Also, give another reason why you want to go back to school such as â€Å"l felt this timing would be perfect to finish my bachelors degree and work my way to my goal of becoming a pilot. † Something along the lines of that, they want to see that you want to finish school in order to move up in life rather than it being something to Just occupy your time. Since being in the Army, I have learned a lot and my training has better taught me about discipline, responsibilities, and leadership. Going back to school is only the first step in advancing my career, I am hoping with my admission to Embryo-Riddle Aeronautical University I will earn my degree which will better help me excel in the Military Flight Aptitude Test to become a Warrant Officer in the Army to become a wing oratory aviator. **(run-on sentence. Also add more to this section because being that it’s only 2 sentences, it’s technically not a paragraph. But you could do this by separating your run-on sentences. ) How to cite Letter of Justification, Papers

Portion Economy Is Known As Black Economy †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Portion Economy Is Known As Black Economy? Answer: Introducation The portion of the economy that grows at the cost of the government of a country, that portion of the economy is known as Black Economy. Whereas on the other hand White Economy can be referred to such part of the economy which has been accounted for and which is considered to act within the countrys rules and regulations. Thus, black economy is just the opposite division of a white economy (Williams, 2014). The economic activities in a black economy are carried out not abiding by the guidelines and protocols of commerce of that country and thus the activities of such economy are not accounted for taxation purpose. Such activities may be legal activities and may also be illegal activities. It is not always necessary that those activities which are not accounted for taxation purpose must be illegal. Whether the activities are legal or illegal are identified by the nature and characteristics of the goods and service of those transactions. As an example, if the payment of a worker who is engaged in construction works, takes place under the table even though the worker works legally then in such cases the payment made to the worker will be considered as a part of black economy. The payment to the worker was made in such a manner to avoid taxation. In the above case, both the persons i.e. the worker and the person who made the payment in lieu of construction work have violated the protocols of the country so as to avoid taxation (Schneider et al. 2015). Shared Economy A Shared Economy is such an economy where all the assets and services of the economy can be shared in exchange of either appropriate fees or may be without any compensation or free among the private individuals of that country. In other words, it can be said that in a shared economy an individual has the facility to derive or to lease assets or services that are owned by some other individual of that country (Schneider, 2015). Since the beginning of the society, the system of shared economy has been in use. Throughout these years the purpose have always been more or less the same only the process of sharing has been changes. The sole purpose or objective of shared economy has always been to enhance the lives of the people of the country. As the reason of introduction of internet in todays life, sharing has now become a lot more possible and easy and that too at a huge level. In a shared economy, the assets are used by groups or individuals in order to produce money and this resulted in emergence of abundant opportunities in a shared economy that were absent in a closed economy (Bitzenis et al., 2016). A business operator in Australia under traditional business model is Cab Charge whereas on the other and Uber is another business which operates under sharing economy in Australia and both business operator i.e. Uber and Cab Charge is operating under Transportation Industry in Australia. Enlightenment of the numerous aspects that are linked with traditional and with shared economy and how under these models of an economy, these characteristics effects the operations of the business of the organizations is the primary objective of this document (Ardizzi et al., 2014). In case of a shared economy, rights are given to the private individuals to utilise the assets that are not being used by the owners in exchange of some fees or may be for free which depends upon the nature of the asset that is to be used. But in case of Traditional Business Model, assets are only used by the owners for the sole purpose of their own business they are not let out for the use of other neither for free nor in exchange of any fees. Thus in order to understand the nature and characteristics of the two models of economy, Uber and Cab Charge and their business structures can be used. Uber is a business in Australia which allows a person to book a car or a cab for the purpose of travelling from one place to another. The main objective of Uber is to allow an individual to use the car for the purpose of that individual against some fees/ fare. The business is setup in such a manner that any individual can book an Uber cab by using its mobile app or by using the online system instantly as per the needs of the individual. This system also includes advance booking of rides for long as well as for short distances. In the above case it can be found that the car which is an assets of Uber Australia is being used by another individual for his/ her purpose and needs against some fare (Kirchgssner, 2017). As the business is about providing private cars to the private individuals of the country as per their needs thus sharing resources is the primary principle of Uber. As per the financial experts, a business leader like Uber have a turnover of more than US $20 Billion but shockingly, the company has disclosed only $18,000 in its Tax invoice which is in its first tax invoice in the country Australia which seems to be quite low compared to the huge business that it conducts. Uber Australia which is a ride sharing company has developed its business on the conception of sharing economy all around the globe. Not only this the aims and objectives of the company very much similar to that of the intents of a shared economy. The sharing of assets that are possessed by each other against some fees or free of cost subject to the nature of assets that is to be used is a sharing economy (Feige, 2016). Anyways, the concept of sharing economy or free sharing is not by various other organizations that follows some other economic model but however this does not have any impact over sharing economy. The construction of Uber Australia is primarily built on the concept of sharing economy. One of the prime objective of Australian Government is to achieve swift or agile economy. Thus there is a huge role of companies like Uber who are operating as a sharing economy in the achievement of this objective of the Government. It is not shocking to discover various other businesse s the Australia are functioning under the model of shared economy bearing in mind the fact that it is one of the earliest to be identified as a developed economy in the world (Alm and Finlay, 2013). As per a report of the company it discloses that in the year 2015 Uber has delivered more than 5 Million rides and in the future the number of rides are estimated to increase even further. However the management needs assess and to keep a strict watch over the companys debt structure (Winer et al., 2013). The company being an essential participant of the model of sharing economy but it has become parallel with the MNCs of the country. A report states that Uber Australia has a debt of $980000 which is much more that its first annual revenue which was $804000. The tax policy of Australia states that the companies that have gearing ratio of more than 60% are eligible to claim for deduction for loan repayment purposes. Another business organization operating in the transportation industry like Uber is Cab Charge. But Cab Charge does not believe in shared economy. Its business model is completely different from that of Shared Economy model. On one hand where Uber Australia is focused on Shared Economy model, simultaneously, Cab Charge on the other hand follows and operated under traditional business model. As stated earlier, Cab Charge works in a more traditional method where the concept of sharing economy is not followed (Schneider Kearney, 2013). Unlike shared economy model, in traditional model there are no rights to the private individuals to use the assets owned by some other individual free of cost. An individual needs to pay for each assets that are intended for their personal use or benefit under traditional model. Cab Charge operates under such traditional business model in the country under transport industry. Since December 1999 Cab Charge Australia Limited is an ASX 200 Company and listed in the Australian Stock Exchange. A system of payment was established by the company in the year 1976 which enabled the customers to pay into the companys account for using any of its services. The company entered into a joint venture with ComfortDelGro which took 49% interest of Cab Charge. In Australia, the company works by accepting services bookings and dispatching against some fares. Currently Cab Charge is one among the largest cab provider operating in the country with an enormous 7000 cabs (taxis) in service all across the country. The company still have a strong grip over its major shares in spite of the invasion in competition that took place post globalization. A huge credit goes to the management team and to the executive committee for making this possible (Putni? Sauka, 2015). However the companys payment system has come across several criticisms from the countrys regulatory authorities. I n reality there are various court proceedings for the suspected anti-competitive practices against the company. A Federal Court proceeding that was initiated in the year 2010 assuming the company was involved in anti-competitive acts which also includes predacious price policy by the company and for which the company had to pay a fine of S15 Million against settlement of the issue (Enste, 2015). The fine paid by the company was one of the highest fine for any company paid in the Australian economic history. An alternative system of payment was being introduced by Cab Charge in the year 1976 in order to avail the services of the company. The new system of payment brought about a vast revolution as it enabled the customers to avail an alternative cash payment system in the industry of transportation via Taxi. The primary and some major activities of the company that the new system includes are stated below: Cab Charge introduced non-cash mode of payment in taxi industry where the customers can pay in the account of the company instead of using cash as a mode of payment for using the cab services of Cab Charge. The company also introduced the Point of Sale devices at every cab with the help of which the customers were able to make payment using their debit or credit cards. Another essential area where the company made huge improvement was development of the existing software. An important area where development and improvement was necessary is the development of IT hardware in the cab such as Security Camera System, meters of the Cab and other transaction processing devices. In New South Wales and in Victoria the company Cab Charge also operates Bus and Coach services in addition to the can services which was established through joint venture business with its partner. As Cab Charge is operating under the traditional business model thus the primary goal of the company i.e. Cab Charge is to generate maximum profit from the operating activities of the company. Over the year Cab Charge has been quite impressive and successful in running taxi and other services in Australia. The revenue of the company has increased substantially particularly after the introduction of the new non-cash payment system during the year 1976. Nevertheless, as the turnover of the company has increased, the more there was an increased in controversies as well. Even several times the company had found itself on the negative side of the court proceedings as well (James et al., 2015). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission claiming that Cab Charge has breached various fair trade practices and violation of the rule of the competition in order to gain unjust benefits over its competitors, has initiated a proceeding against the company in the year June 2009. In the Federal C ourt of Australia, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission started a proceeding claiming that the company has misused its powers in the market to set prices indiscriminately so that the company can gain benefits over its rivals. However after the company agreed to three contraventions of trade practices the case was finally settled. It is to be investigated which of the recommendations would be successful in order to reduce the involvement of the sharing economy to the problem of black economy it would be sensible to go through the recommendations that were made by the Treasury in Black Economy Taskforce Interim Report (Zellner Ngoie, 2015). Treasury of Australia made some recommendation so as to reduce the contribution of shared economy towards black economy. They are stated below: Only such firms are permitted to access to the procurement prospects of the Government of Australia who maintains decent tax records, The small firms and small business must be entitled to receive incentives who have made investments in the non-cash business model in order to motivate other business organization for following the same path, Expansion of the Taxation Payment Reporting system is extremely essential, By keeping provision for tax deductibility imposition of payments such as cash payment of wages, payment mad to the contractors should be restricted, Such technologies must be banned with immediate effect those are used to overpower/ suppress sales figures, By taking transformational steps integrity of business registration shall be enriched, On matters that are related to taxation, essential training must be given to the small business organizations and small firms so that they can understand the whole process of taxation and apply its advantages over their own business, Increase in the amount of funding must be made based on the activities of Australian Taxation Office, In order to ensure that the small business firms are not over burdened with excessive requirement of laws, regulatory encumbrances shall be reduced for the same, For the purpose of achieving better tax expansion in the entire economy, limitations on cash payment shall be imposed across the economy, In order to ensure a healthy and better system of taxation, a sharing economy-reporting regime shall be introduced, It is essential to reduce the GST threshold, Utilization of reprieves shall be lowered, Excessive arrangements that are not necessary shall be withdrawn, There shall be an increase in data privacy which must be utilised by the Government Agencies with utmost efficiency, In is very much important to introduce Phoenix taskforce, Beneficial ownership reforms. In order to attain the goal of Black Economy taskforce, it is very much essential to implement the above mentioned recommendations effectively. Thus the desired objective to reduce the contribution of shared economy towards black economy can be realised if the recommendations proposed by the Treasury is implemented properly (Pickhardt Sard, 2015). The recommendations that will aid the government in realising the desire goals are listed below: Regulatory requirements must be increased withdrawing the arrangements that are not necessary, Reduction/ limited use of reprieves, Introduction of Sharing Economy Reporting Regime, Non-cash payment incentives shall be increased, Cash based payment methods must be limited/ reduced across the economy, The regulatory burdens over the small firms and businesses shall be reduced, Training must be provided to every small firms and business employers and employees so that they abide by the requirements of tax Reference Alm, J. and Finlay, K., 2013. Who Benefits from Tax Evasion? 11This paper is based on a keynote address at the conference The Shadow Economy, Tax Evasion and Money Laundering held in Mnster, Germany at the University of Mnster in July 2011.Economic Analysis and Policy,43(2), pp.139-154. Ardizzi, G., Petraglia, C., Piacenza, M., Turati, G. (2014). Measuring the underground economy with the currency demand approach: a reinterpretation of the methodology, with an application to Italy.Review of Income and Wealth,60(4), 747-772. Bitzenis, A., Vlachos, V., Schneider, F. (2016). An exploration of the Greek shadow economy: can its transfer into the official economy provide economic relief amid the crisis?.Journal of Economic Issues,50(1), 165-196. Enste, D. H. (2015). The shadow economy in industrial countries.IZA World of Labor. Feige, E. L. (2016). Reflections on the Meaning and Measurement of Unobserved Economies: What Do We Really Know About the'Shadow Economy'. James, S., Sawyer, A., Wallschutzky, I. (2015). Tax simplification: A review of initiatives in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.eJournal of Tax Research,13(1), 280. Kirchgssner, G. (2017). On estimating the size of the shadow economy.German Economic Review,18(1), 99-111. Pickhardt, M., Sard, J. (2015). Size and causes of the underground economy in Spain: A correction of the record and new evidence from the MCDR approach.European Journal of Law and Economics,39(2), 403-429. Putni?, T. J., Sauka, A. (2015). Measuring the shadow economy using company managers.Journal of Comparative Economics,43(2), 471-490. Schneider, F. (2015). Size and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 Other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2014: Different Developments?.Journal of Self-Governance Management Economics,3(4). Schneider, F., Kearney, A. T. (2013). The shadow economy in Europe, 2013.Johannes Kepler Universitat, Linz. Schneider, F., Raczkowski, K., Mrz, B. (2015). Shadow economy and tax evasion in the EU.Journal of Money Laundering Control,18(1), 34-51. Williams, C. C. (2014).Confronting the Shadow Economy: evaluating tax compliance and behaviour policies. Edward Elgar Publishing. Winer, S. L., Profeta, P., Hettich, W. (2013).The political economy of taxation. Oxford University Press. Zellner, A., Ngoie, J. K. (2015). Evaluation of the effects of reduced personal and corporate tax rates on the growth rates of the US Economy.Econometric Reviews,34(1-2), 56-81.