Analysing The Emerging Democracy Of South Africa Politics Essay

Examining The Emerging Democracy Of South Africa Politics Essay South Africa is a youthful majority rule government that has started making genuine endeavors to unite the country and make national equity among the individuals. First to comprehend what a popular government is it should be characterized. William Hay Anthony characterizes majority rules system as liberal delegate government under law, continued by a political culture that acknowledges open contradiction and requests responsibility (Anthony, pg 135). This definition features the job of establishments in making a political request work (Anthony, pg 135). Applying this definition toward the South African case is imperative to dissecting its advancement inside being a vote based country. Common and political rights are essential to an equitable country since it must keep up rights to the entirety of its residents similarly. South Africa has made gigantic strides in guaranteeing equivalent rights to the entirety of its residents, however it is very evident that much more should be possib le. As far as monetary rights and social rights, South Africa has made endeavors in making these rights equivalent for everybody. The majority rule job of South African ideological groups has been a consistent one. The African National Congress hosts been the get-together in intensity of the state since its first fair political decision in 1994 and it appears as though it is getting increasingly more help as time passes by. Their arrangements which have been advanced have a similar objective of including correspondence inside the state. In the previous 16 years, South Africa has made various endeavors to make its country increasingly law based however obviously the work that the country must do to have a total vote based system, is not even close to wrapped up. Rights have not generally been equivalent to all individuals of South Africa since the beginning, even in the previous 20 years. From 1948-1994, South Africa was under a politically-sanctioned racial segregation, that is, an isolation of blacks and whites in all parts of society. Under this standard, all races that were distinguished by the South African Government were isolated. At that point, the legislature perceived four distinctive racial classifications: African, hued, Indian and white (Lichbach 2009, 466). There were numerous laws that were set up to keep the individuals of the nation isolated consistently; the main prohibition to that was if a dark African was working for a white one. Some politically-sanctioned racial segregation laws were the Group Areas Act, Land Acts, Population Registration Act and Reservation of isolated Amenities Act (Lester 1996, 227). During the politically-sanctioned racial segregation, since minorities individuals couldn't cast a ballot or own prop erty, they were living in very poor conditions and kept in certain dark just regions. In any event, when minorities individuals could claim land, the capabilities sum was raised unreasonably high for kaleidoscopic individuals to try and consider endeavoring to buy land. (Maphai 1994, 3). Without the responsibility for, one couldn't cast a ballot. At the point when the primary just political decision was held in April of 1994, it denoted a fresh start in South Africa; some considered it the New South Africa. Mandela was named as president and numerous politically-sanctioned racial segregation laws were canceled. Individuals were getting progressively equivalent inside this nation which implied individuals of all the hued races were legitimately permitted to coordinate with their white partners in training, work, property possession and different rights that were not given to them previously. With another administration set up, residents were eager to perceive how their nation would i mprove given its new vote based approaches that would before long start to be in actuality. What a few people dont completely comprehend is that numerous things like turning into another popular government require some investment, particularly when managing a nation with a past like that of South Africa. All things considered, despite the fact that these awesome laws were being placed into government, they were not actually being actualized quite well. Probably the main motivation why such a significant number of the countrys individuals need to live along these lines is a result of the gigantic imbalances inside the nation; Inequality is as yet higher than anyplace else on the planet (Pons-Vignon 2008, 3). Imbalance is something that can't be changed for the time being with the death of various laws; it is something will be a progressing battle for the nation. Something that is exceptional with the popularity based qualities of South Africa is the way that the minority of the natio n has the greater part of the force; white individuals are the away from of the populace yet they unmistakably have the most force. In 1980, it was indicated that whites, who were one 6th of the populace, earned 66% of absolute pay in the nation (Maphai 1994, 137). Since white individuals have such extraordinary force overall, it is progressively hard for different residents of the nation to rise financially. Since 1994, the main spot that whites don't have the most force is in government. The Party that has been in power since the progression development has been the dark driven African National Congress or ANC. With regards to casting a ballot, which many dark individuals do reserve an option to now, whites just can't contrast and the numbers that the Blacks have; in 2001, 79 percent of the populace ordered themselves as African, 10 percent as white, 9 percent as Colored and 2 percent as Asian (Lichbach 2009, 472). The way that legislature is driven by a dark bolstered party isn't appalling for most white individuals. In the mid 1990s, the ANC received numerous arrangements and experienced numerous dealings with the National party (NP) to get more help from the white network. With the endeavor that the ANC made toward getting support from white individuals in the nation, white individuals started to see the ANC more like an adversary as opposed to a foe. (Maphai 1994, 75) As well, the pioneers of the ANC have worked superbly in persuading all individuals, including whites, that their arrangements will just assist with bettering the nation. Associations are likewise useful with making a country progressively popularity based. The capacity to have explicit rights in light of business is a tremendous factor in having equivalent rights for individuals. It was 1979 when African Trade Unions were at long last perceived and the Congress of South African Trade Unions was then shaped in 1985. (Lichbach 2009, 477) Recognizing associations that were comprised of Black laborers was basic in suggesting that they, as laborers inside the state, merit no not as much as that of white specialists. Associations permit a gathering of laborers to haggle with their managers about better wages and working conditions. In the part of common and political rights, South Africa is making an understood movement towards really including correspondence inside those rights. Fairly, South Africa is making a major movement towards adequately having equivalent political and social liberties for the entirety of its residents. Through the coming a very long time there ought to be more polices out being placed into impact and ideally a superior comprehension of correspondence among races. It is at exactly that point that the rights that are really recorded inside the South African law will have been regarded and genuinely set up as a regular occurrence. Before majority rule government was even a chance in South Africa, the primary issue was an endeavor by white pilgrims to make a nation whose populace is 75 percent African a 'white man's nation (Maphai 1994, 1). 3,000,000 white individuals had accomplished unchallenged prevalence more than sixteen million Africans by 1965. (Maphai 1994, 1) The mechanical progression of white individuals is one of the huge elements of what caused them to overwhelm that huge number of blacks. (Lichbach 2009, 463) Economically and socially, numerous South Africans don't have sufficient rights that ought to be likened to them inside their popularity based country. In 1994 the future was at 65 years and afterward inside the following decade it dropped to 52 years. This is a direct result of a degenerative medicinal services framework and the fight with HIV-AIDS that the nation needs to manage. (Bond December 2009, 581) As of 2007, South Africa had the most passings of HIV-AIDS than some other nation on t he planet. (Focal Intelligence Agency 2010) The newborn child death rate is diminishing however is still moderately high due to the measure of infants passing on in view of HIV-AIDS. The Literacy rate is on the ascent since more individuals presently approach satisfactory schools. In 1980, when the education rate for whites was 99.3% it was at 67% for Black Africans. (Maphai 1994, 138) Historically, when every single hued African were isolated from whites, there was consistently a huge hole between the prosperity of whites and that of minorities individuals. Today, the hole has shut yet it is as yet not equivalent. As years pass by, there are an ever increasing number of chances for dark Africans with respect to work. Quite a while back, blacks did the entirety of the work and whites received all the financial reward from that work. Since new laws have been set up, blacks currently have the choice to work in any field that is wanted by them. In spite of the fact that, inside specifi c enterprises, approaches one-sided against business have limited salary winning open doors for blacks (Maphai 1994, 143). Gifted employments with high wages were conceded to whites while dark laborers were paid ineffectively. (Lichbach 2009, 465) Some state that governmental policy regarding minorities in society might be expected to keep at any rate a noteworthy segment of dark individuals in specific occupations yet this isn't generally an adequate (approach) to change the financial irregular characteristics in South Africa (Waghid 2003, 168). Governmental policy regarding minorities in society arrangements may turn qualified candidates to the activity exclusively in light of the way that they are white and can't be employed on the grounds that the business needs to recruit progressively dark individuals. There should be different arrangements out into impact that really give satisfactory training to more blacks. An organization ought not feel committed to employ somebody just to fill an amount; an individual ought to be recruited dependent on the abilities the person in question has. Neediness is influenced by those that are jobless and those that acquire compensation. In 1991, the ANC said that the most ideal approach to address destitution was through financial development. (Lichbach 2009, 478) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is spoken to as far as inc

Research Paper on New York City Essay Example

Research Paper on New York City Essay New York, authoritatively known as the City of New York, is the biggest city in the United States since 1790 and one of the biggest on the planet. Somewhere in the range of 1785 and 1790, the city of New York was the capital of the United States. It is situated in the upper east of the United States, on the Atlantic coast, in the southeast corner of the State of New York and is isolated in five regions called districts: Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island. Its occupants are called New Yorkers. New York impact profoundly training, inquire about, innovation, fund, worldwide business, media, workmanship, style, and diversion. Assembling all the qualities of a worldwide city, it is at times considered as the â€Å"capital of the world.† However New York isn't the government capital of the United States any longer, it is the most populated city in the nation with 8,175,133 occupants in 2010, as indicated by the Census Bureau. New York is one of the most cosmopolitan urban communities on the planet with its numerous ethnic neighborhoods. The most popular are Little Italy, or Chinatown, where there are the biggest centralization of Chinese individuals in the United States. The City of New York invites 50 million guests for every year. Times Square, situated in the convergence of Broadway and 42nd Street, and generally known as â€Å"The Crossroads of the World† is the central focal point of media outlet. More than 300 thousand guests come day by day to see its reality known Broadway theaters. The city is home to numerous extensions, high rises, and world renowned parks. The money related area of New York is universally celebrated as the â€Å"Financial Capital of the World† and is home to the New York Stock Exchange and to future budgetary focus One World Trade Center. Likewise, the most costly land on the planet can likewise be found in Manhattan. We will compose a custom article test on Research Paper on New York City explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on New York City explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on New York City explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer At long last, New York invites organizations of worldwide significance, for example, the UN base camp. Be that as it may, it is also the City of extraordinary social occasions and associations, for example, the Metropolitan Museum, the Brooklyn Museum, the Lincoln Center, and Museum of Modern Art. Numerous legitimate colleges are situated in New York, including the City University of New York, the Columbia University, and the University of New York. College and undergrads, who are going to compose their first research proposition on New York City, can experience genuine troubles on getting ready research venture on such a multifaceted subject. For this situation, we propose you to peruse some free example investigate paper on New York themes and attempt to comprehend the fundamental principles of explicit logical content composition. They will tell you the best way to diagram your postulation proclamation, stress the key snapshot of your examination, and raise a convincing, which will be a solid contention for your educator. At EssayLib.com custom composing administration you can purchase a custom research paper on New York themes. Your exploration paper will be composed without any preparation. We employ top of the line Ph.D. what's more, Master’s essayists just to give understudies proficient research paper help at reasonable rates. Every client will get a non-appropriated paper with auspicious conveyance. Simply visit our site and take care of in the request structure with all paper subtleties: Make the most of our expert research paper composing administration!

Health Care Organizations

Health Care Organizations The Impact of External Influences on Health Care Organizations Home›Technology Posts›The Impact of External Influences on Health Care Organizations Technology PostsThe external influence I have chosen in this essay is medical technology. Medical technology provides new diagnostic procedures, advanced drugs or devices that improve the quality of life and keep in check chronic conditions. The use of this has a great impact on health care organizations as well as health care administrators and they are as follows.The organizations need a high skilled workforce to handle the management of information systems. Various professionals in the health sector need training to be able to use technology in their service delivery. The stake holders in the health care provision may require funding research clinical trails related to the technologies they wish to adopt. In Canada the University of Calgary’s faculty of medicine has researched on the use of an iphone to diagnose stroke (Mitchel l JR, et al 2011).Medical technology also influences various health policies in terms of assessment to ensure safety, quality, efficacy and effectiveness. These policies may be on the innovation of drugs, devices and clinical procedures. It also impacts on central planning by these organizations to reduce utilization of high technology procedures to control medical costs. The health care administrators who adopt various medical technologies are able to contain costs and improve the quality of health care given to the patients.With minimized error in capturing of the data for the patients cases of misdiagnosis are reduced and the appropriate treatments given and follow up of patients’ cases is easier. The daily administration of the health facilities is more effective in records, billing, budgeting. The health administrators are dependent on the information systems for timely management of data. The health administrators reorganize their care delivery set up as with changing medica l technology to ensure that they are patient centered health care providers.

Sexuality Education Is Not All About Sex - 2620 Words

Sexuality is huge and even more for those living with special needs especially because they tend to get totalized by their illness. Often their sexuality will be looked over or forgotten regardless of their desire and need to feel wanted intimately. Sexuality education is not all about sex. â€Å"Sexuality education is a life-long process that encompasses many things: the biological, socio-cultural, psychological, and spiritual dimensions of sexuality† (Gerhardt, 2012). Sexuality education is about safety, love, identity, sexual and nonsexual relationships, intimacy, positive adaptive behaviors, increased self-esteem, and pro-social behaviors (Hartman, 2014). Not many parents enjoy the idea of facing the idea of sexual education with their†¦show more content†¦3. Are there any known applications of technology developed to address these issues (e.g. ABA tools or psychoeducational or social skills training programs)? 4. What does the research in this area suggest for fu ture studies and new program development? This is a topic that makes people uncomfortable because of the attached stigmas and taboos. This makes being honest, open, and serious about this topic difficult. â€Å"Sexuality is an integral part of the personality of everyone: man, woman, and child. It is a basic need and an aspect of being human that cannot be separated from other aspects of human life. Sexuality if not synonymous with sexual intercourse and it influences thoughts, feelings, actions, and interactions, and thereby our mental and physical health† (World Health Organization). What I like about this definition is that it states that sexuality is a social and adaptive behavior that is part of human development and influences out sexual health. Sexual health is â€Å"a state of physical, mental, and social well-being in a relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having p leasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination, and violence† (World Health Organization). This definition highlights that sexual health is related to our well-being and relating it to having safe sexual experiences. Again, the topic of sexuality

Consumer Behavior and Marketing Factors Influencing...

Consumer Behavior Marketing In their process of goods and services consumption customers are influenced by different factors that marketers study in order to satisfy customer’s needs. This research made on consumer behavior is important for companies in order to successfully establish their marketing plan, to sell their products or services and also to establish a good relationship with customers. In this paper work the three factors that were chosen to describe the impact on consumer behavior and on marketer’s decisions are family, age and ethnicity. Before explaining the impact that the three factors have it is important to understand what consumer behavior is and how it relates to marketer’s decisions. According to Solomon(2010,†¦show more content†¦The second factor that influences consumer’s behavior it is the age. A consumers needs change through life because its lifestyle, and values he stands for changes. People react different at different ages but consumers that have the same age share almost the same values, lifestyles, desires, and ways of behaving which helps marketers to classify them in specific target markets.(Mowen and Minor, 2001, p. 287) According to their age consumers have been segmented in teenagers and Generation Y, Generation X, Baby Boomers and elderly. The first category consists of people between 14 and 18 years old and they have a great influence on what is purchased in their family because this generation has parents that have careers to pursuit or they are single parents so they tend to buy for themselves. They use social networks and text messages as a way of communicating with their friends about the brands they buy.(Hoyer and Macinnis, 2010, p.301) They are an important market for companies because it is expected that they reach in U.S. a number of 30 million by 2015 with a purchasing power of $108 billion. Marketers take advantage of their brand loyalty offering them more and more products like RosePink cosmetics and Cover Girl that produces cosmetics for this generation, but also McDonald’s targets this market. (Hoyer and Macinnis, 2010, p.303) The next category is Generation X is represented by consumers between 18 and 29 years old. In Europe their number is over 30 million andShow MoreRelatedMarketing Research Topics1249 Words   |  5 PagesImportant Topics for Projects in Marketing Selection of research topic is the basic and important part of research report, thesis or dissertation. It requires a lot of energy, resources and time to choose an appropriate topic for the research. There are numerous factors which need to be taken into consideration before final selection of the research topic. For example a research topic should neither be too broad nor should be too narrow. 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On philosophy Free Essays

Virginia Held, in her article Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory, claims that the historical groundings of the precepts of philosophy, including the sets of ethical theories and positions, and philosophy in general have been erected from the viewpoints of men and that the ideas involved are not entirely â€Å"gender-neutral† as they appear to claim themselves (Held). One can observe that throughout the stretch of the time that encompassed the early stages of philosophy up to the time of the industrial revolution and the onset of the age of globalization, men have dominated the field of philosophy. Women in the past societies in particular were given very minimal role in social activities and endeavors inasmuch as most of these women were simply confined to their homes and their tasks were greatly deprived of social participation (Claassen and Joyce). We will write a custom essay sample on On philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This observation leads us to the assumption that, because of these deterring factors on the very presence of women in the society, women have also played very little part in the development of philosophy in general and the number of philosophical discussions all-over the world. The rise of feminism alongside and the shift in the patriarchal patterns that loomed over societies, however, have appeared to dissolve one by one the barriers that isolate women from having a part in the philosophical plane. One can further analyze that Virginia appears to argue that what the philosophy we know of today is the product of the past philosophizing done in large part by men. Richard Brandt, for this matter, has principally endorsed in some of his works the idea of overcoming bias and prejudice in the very precepts of morality (Stevenson). This observation appears to relieve Brandt of the accusations hurled by Virginia towards the evolution of philosophy throughout the decades that humanity has dwelled on its rough, intricate, and oftentimes bewildering edges. Brandt argues that passion should not be allowed to intervene whenever we are to delve into matters that concern morality for it blurs the capacity of our reason and thinking on equally significant moral issues (Brandt). If this is the case, indeed Brandt may have already swung himself off the reaches of Virginia’s accusations with regards to traditional philosophy for the reason that traditional philosophy has been seen to be relished with all sorts of manly traces. The suggestion being offered by Brandt is one that relieves philosophy of any bias towards a specific gender in any working context, one that seeks to salvage the philosophy we know today from the dregs of traditional philosophy. However, there remains the contention that even if Brandt is arguing for an objective quest, at least in terms of the moral precepts and moral traditions that humanity has strongly held through time, the very fact that Brandt sees his world from a man’s point of view can be a point of contention. This taunts one to pose questions of uncertainty and credibility with regards to his claim of a rationalizing empty of passion and bias. If Virginia Held is aptly precise and right with her argument, it appears, then, that Brandt’s perception on philosophy and that of morality is not thoroughly empty of bias for the reason that the latter sees the world from the understanding and vision of man whereas women might have a differing view with regards to what they know of about the world they both live in. This leads us to the assumption that, granted Virginia’s arguments are strongly founded, Brandt’s ideas and the rest of his arguments cannot entirely be empty of bias given the fact that he is a man and that a woman thinks rather differently to those of males. And there has indeed been numerous interpretations that separates from traditional philosophy, especially from a feminist approach where women are treated as individuals who also share roles in the society in general. Capital punishment and killings in war Capital punishment is typically utilized in order to put unlawful people before the justice system of societies and put an end to their unlawful means—and to their lives—thereby removing further instances of committing heinous crimes by the same criminal. War killings, on the other hand, are primarily taken to be understood as killings in the battlefield, especially in times of war wherein combatants or armies from the opposing sides are granted by their authorities to obtain their mission through every possible means—such as gunning down the enemy—in order to not only deter the enemy from advancing further but also to finally put an end to the enemy’s existence. From a Kantian perspective, both capital punishment and killings in war are immoral acts in the sense that both of these essentially take away the lives of men which is, on the other hand, strictly against the moral imperatives. Basically, Kant suggests that taking away the life of another individual cannot be justified because it is not the right thing to do at whatever given situation. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, provides us with another view that implies that both capital punishment and war killings can be morally justified given that both of these promote the general good or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. That is, taking away the life of another individual can be justified in the ethical issues given that the basis for the action is justifiable. And this moral theory asserts that actions can indeed be justified, specifically in the context of the measurement of happiness and its consequent effects on the welfare and happiness of the greatest number of individuals. However, the strand of rule utilitarianism splits from this claim because it argues that rules should not be bent just for the attainment of general happiness which, in this case, is taken to mean that moral precepts and legal rules concerning life should never be flexed in order to fit the situation. Quite on the contrary, the very situations of capital punishment and killings in war should be critically analyzed based on these precepts and rules in order to arrive at the greatest happiness for the greatest number. William Godwin William Godwin is not inclined towards prejudice and thought it as the source of much that is wrong in the world as he also stressed the significant role of impartiality. The value of human life should be taken as a central part of the analysis of Godwin’s claim primarily because in order for the individual to be able to arrive at a sound judgment the individual should nevertheless take a look into the course of the years that have molded the life that he or she possesses (Monro). Prejudice, on the contrary, creates the notion of selectivity wherein the individual may be inclined to prefer this from that or, in another context, this person from another person for a number of reasons pegged on the selective attitude of the person. Without a concern for the value of human life, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to arrive at an impartial attitude towards others primarily because without having a universal sense of benevolence towards mankind in general impartiality can hardly be attained. Hence, in order for one to be able to embrace the idea that prejudice is the source of much that is wrong in the world, one ought to be impartial both in deeds and in thoughts. With a firm consideration on the value of human life among all of humanity, one cannot easily stray away from the holds of an impartial treatment towards other people and that one cannot straightforwardly resort to prejudice. Without having a sense of attachment towards the primacy and value of human life, it would be quite difficult as well, if not more, to act truthfully as a benevolent individual empty of prejudice in thought and deed or to at least pretend to be like an impartial individual. Kant and Singer’s animal rights Kant says that duty is the inevitability or necessity of functioning out of a strict observation for laws that are universal. Consequently, the worth or value of the action done by the individual in terms of moral contexts is essentially drawn from the intention of the action. Moreover, Kant’s treatment of a maxim can be briefly summarized as a given principle upon which one acts such that its nature is based on the manner in the expression of the intention. Thus, the content of the actions in terms of intent have an important role in Kantian ethics. This content can be further expressed in two manners. The first states that there are maxims or imperatives which stipulate that there are acts based on the desires of the individual. This is what Kant calls the hypothetical imperative. On the other hand, those which are based on reason and not merely dependent on one’s desires belong to the categorical imperative. The latter type deals with what ought to be done. All these can be roughly transposed and summarized into Kant’s conception of the practical imperative which claims that one ought to act to treat human beings as ends in themselves and never merely as a means to any given end, whether the individual is the self or another person. Peter Singer argues that ethical precepts should be extended so that it will encompass animals as well. If this is the case, and if we are to place this in the context of Kant’s proposition, then we are to arrive at the idea that, after ethical precepts have been made to be understood to encompass animals, no one is to treat any animal as means in order to arrive at certain ends but rather as the very ends themselves. Kant would disagree with Singer in the sense that the former’s theory is anchored on the rationality of human beings whereas animals are empty of rational capacity. Singer, on the other hand, would disagree with Kant in this notion primarily because animals also have rights and that these rights should be also recognized within the ethical sphere. References Arthur, John. Morality and Moral Controversies: Readings in Moral, Social and Political Philosophy. 7th ed: Prentice Hall, 2004. Brandt, Richard B. â€Å"A Motivational Theory of Excuses in the Criminal Law.†Ã‚   Morality, Utilitarianism, and Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 252. Claassen, Cheryl, and Rosemary A. Joyce. â€Å"Women in Prehistory.† American Antiquity 63.1 (1998): 175. Held, Virginia. â€Å"Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory.† Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50.Supplement (1990): 321. Monro, D. H. â€Å"Godwin’s Moral Philosophy: An Interpretation of William Godwin.† Ethics 64.2 (1954): 134. Stevenson, Charles L. â€Å"Brandt’s Questions About Emotive Ethics.† The Philosophical Review 59.4 (1950): 529.    How to cite On philosophy, Essay examples

Margaret Bouke-White Essays - Margaret, Margaret Bourke-White

Margaret Bouke-White Margaret Bourke- White Margaret Bourke- White never thought she would be a famous photographer. In 1921, when Margaret was 17, she went to college to study herpetology, or the study of snakes and reptiles. That same year her father died leaving her family with little money. To stay in college Margaret got a job taking and selling pictures of the college campus using her father's broken camera. That summer she got a job as the photographer and counselor at a summer camp. Even though she liked taking pictures, for Margaret, photography was still a hobby. But architects and other photographers were impressed with her photographs and encouraged her to use her talent. When she graduated in 1927, Margaret turned down a position at the Museum of Natural History and went to Cleveland to open her own photography studio. Margaret had courage and talent from the beginning. At first she did advertising work for schools and other businesses but never stopped working on her artistic skills. For example, as she was walking by she noticed a preacher speaking in a square with only a group of pigeons to hear. Margaret wanted to take his picture but she didn't have her camera with her. She ran into a camera store and asked to rent or borrow a camera. The picture became one of her first works of art and the owner of the store became one of her best friends. One of Margaret's early dreams was to photograph the inside of a steel mill but women weren't allowed inside. Being a woman didn't stop her and the pictures were a success. Her shots were published in magazines all over the country and got Margaret her first big job, at Fortune magazine in New York. With Margaret's photos Fortune became one of the leading photography magazines. The magazine had also made her a star but Margaret still kept her studio, which had grown to a staff of eight and moved to the Chrysler building. In 1930 Fortune sent Margaret on one of her biggest assignments, to Germany to capture foreign industry. Curious about the Soviet Union she wanted to extend her trip but very few foreigners were allowed into the country. As she once said, nothing attracts me like a closed door. Margaret never gave up and, after impressing Russian officials with her portfolio, was admitted into the country. She made a total of three trips and gained a reputation for being and expert on Russian industry. In 1931 she wrote her first book, Eyes on Russia. During World War II Margaret was sent Europe to cover the war. She got pictures of her own ship being torpedoed and became the first woman in a bomber. She also went with General Patton's troops to be one of the firsts to photograph a concentration camp. When she returned to the U.S. she wrote another book about the war, Purple Heart Valley. In 1950 Margaret was awarded an American Women of Achievement award but only seven years later she would no longer be able to hold a camera. She was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease but at first refused to believe the diagnosis. Margaret Bourke- White died in 1971, at 67 years old. Margaret was one of the greatest photographers but also one of the greatest women. She paved the way for many women in all professions, not just photographers, with her courage and determination. Biographies